Glaucoma Symptoms in Hindi | ग्लूकोमा (काला मोतिया) के लक्षण

Glaucoma (काला मोतिया) is a silent eye disease that damages the optic nerve and can lead to permanent vision loss if untreated. Early symptoms include peripheral vision loss, eye pain, halos around lights, and blurred vision. Regular eye pressure checks are the only way to detect it early.

Glaucoma, commonly known as kala motia (काला मोतिया) in Hindi, is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in India. Unlike cataracts, which can be cured with surgery, the vision lost to glaucoma cannot be restored. This is why early detection and treatment are so important. Understanding the symptoms—in a language you are comfortable with—can make the difference between saving your sight and losing it permanently.

What is Glaucoma? | ग्लूकोमा क्या है?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions in which the optic nerve—the nerve that connects your eye to your brain—becomes damaged, usually due to elevated pressure inside the eye (intraocular pressure). Over time, this damage progressively destroys peripheral (side) vision, eventually leading to tunnel vision and, if untreated, complete blindness.

There are two main types of glaucoma:

• Open-angle glaucoma (chronic glaucoma): The most common type. Develops slowly and silently over years. There is often no pain and no noticeable vision change in the early stages. By the time symptoms are noticed, significant irreversible damage has already occurred.
• Angle-closure glaucoma (acute glaucoma): Less common but more dramatic. Causes a sudden, severe increase in eye pressure with intense eye pain, headache, nausea, and blurred vision. This is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment.

Symptoms of Glaucoma | ग्लूकोमा के लक्षण

Symptoms of Open-Angle (Chronic) Glaucoma | क्रॉनिक ग्लूकोमा के लक्षण

• Gradual loss of peripheral (side) vision: You may begin bumping into things or notice objects disappearing from the corners of your visual field. (साइड से दिखना कम होना)
• Tunnel vision in advanced stages: Vision narrows to a central tunnel as peripheral vision is destroyed. (सुरंग जैसी दृष्टि)
• Patchy blind spots: Areas of vision where objects are not visible, often not noticed until the other eye compensates. (दृष्टि में काले धब्बे)
• No pain, no redness in most cases — which is why it is so dangerous and so often missed. (आमतौर पर कोई दर्द या लालिमा नहीं)

Symptoms of Angle-Closure (Acute) Glaucoma | एक्यूट ग्लूकोमा के लक्षण

• Sudden severe eye pain (अचानक तेज़ आंख दर्द)
• Intense headache, often on one side (एक तरफ तेज़ सिरदर्द)
• Nausea and vomiting (मतली और उल्टी)
• Sudden blurred or hazy vision (अचानक धुंधला दिखना)
• Seeing halos (coloured rings) around lights (रोशनी के चारों ओर रंगीन छल्ले दिखना)
• Red eye (आंख का लाल होना)
• Pupil fixed and dilated, not responding to light (पुतली का फैला रहना और रोशनी में न सिकुड़ना)

Acute angle-closure glaucoma is a medical emergency. If you experience sudden severe eye pain with headache and blurred vision, go to an eye hospital immediately. यदि अचानक आंख में तेज़ दर्द, सिरदर्द और धुंधला दिखे तो तुरंत नेत्र अस्पताल जाएं।

Risk Factors | जोखिम कारक

Certain people are at significantly higher risk of developing glaucoma. You should have your eyes screened regularly if any of the following apply to you:

Treatment Options | उपचार के विकल्प

Glaucoma cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. The goal of treatment is to lower intraocular pressure and prevent further damage to the optic nerve. The sooner treatment begins, the more vision can be preserved.

Eye Drops | आई ड्रॉप्स

Most patients with glaucoma are treated with prescription eye drops that lower intraocular pressure. These drops must be used every day without fail. Common types include prostaglandin analogues, beta-blockers, and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Your doctor will prescribe the most appropriate drops based on your eye pressure and the type of glaucoma.

Laser Treatment | लेज़र उपचार

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT) is a non-invasive laser procedure that improves the drainage of fluid from the eye, reducing pressure. It is done as an outpatient procedure and takes only a few minutes. For angle-closure glaucoma, Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI) creates a tiny opening in the iris to improve fluid flow.

Surgery | ऑपरेशन

When eye drops and laser do not sufficiently control the pressure, surgery is recommended. Trabeculectomy is the most common glaucoma surgery, creating a new drainage channel in the eye. This surgery is available at Indumati Netralaya and is covered under Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY for eligible patients.

When to See a Doctor | डॉक्टर के पास कब जाएं

Do not wait for symptoms before getting an eye check for glaucoma. By the time symptoms appear, permanent damage has already occurred. Visit an eye hospital immediately if:

• You experience sudden eye pain with headache, nausea, or blurred vision (अचानक आंख में दर्द, सिरदर्द, मतली या धुंधला दिखना)
• You notice you are losing your peripheral (side) vision (साइड से दिखना कम हो रहा हो)
• You see halos around lights at night (रात को रोशनी के चारों ओर रंगीन छल्ले दिखना)
• You are above 40 with any risk factor listed above (40 से अधिक उम्र और कोई जोखिम कारक हो)
• A family member has been diagnosed with glaucoma (परिवार में किसी को ग्लूकोमा हो)